Many Indian states are beginning to transition their erstwhile fragmented social protection benefit delivery systems into digital ecosystems, referred to here as social protection digital public infrastructures (SP-DPIs). These systems promise efficiency and scale, but also introduce myriad risks for the average Indian beneficiary of social protection. To mitigate these risks, SP-DPIs should be constructed based on the proposed guiding principle of citizens centricity. This paper provides a conceptual framework for citizen- centricity, breaking it down into system- level design features. It provides case studies of three SP- DPIs in the Indian context, and surfaces crucial learnings about their design.
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