[1] For the purpose of this study, the set of DBT schemes includes the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), Pensions, Jan Dhan Yojana, cash transfers under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, Welfare Board schemes (specific to Tamil Nadu), and some other state-specific transfers. Please note that although MGNREGA wages are transferred through the DBT system, we have created a separate framework for the scheme given some of its unique features, including raising work demand and work allocation.
In this blog, the author has attempted to summarise the vast literature on the determinants of financial inclusion using a framework developed by Moscona et al (2026).
