This paper traces the historical evolution of TSP in social protection discourse and argues that TSP rests on an incomplete diagnosis of poverty and inequality that underestimates the role of a hyper‑financialised global economy.

Thank you for your interest in this paper. Since we published it, we have received several comments from reviewers and are now working to revise it based on those comments. We will upload the revised version when it is ready.

In early April, the World Bank published its State of Social Protection report (2025), earlier known as the ‘State of Social Safety Nets’ series. These reports use global-level data about social protection programs to reflect on trends in social security and to ascertain future requirements of social security.

In the first blog of this series of two, we break down (i) the Committee's methodology, (ii) key insights on the current state of AI adoption, (iii) FREE AI Framework and (iv) its recommendations.

This blog is based on the recent uptake in conversations on the reformation of the know-your-customer (KYC) process in the financial sector. We find the periodicity of the current KYC system to be of concern for various reasons. The periodic updates of KYC present a burden on the customer to validate themselves every few years, failing which they are at risk of being excluded from the financial system.

This paper focuses on Part III of the IBC, which deals with natural persons, proprietorships, and personal guarantors for corporate debt.

The two worlds of policy research and academic research (in economics) sometimes do intersect, but for the most part, they appear to me to be quite different arenas of inquiry, with different epistemologies and types of truth claims. This blog is about those differences as I see them, having worked in both domains.

The objective of this blog is to articulate the scope and relevance of various blended finance instruments in advancing access to suitable credit for nano entrepreneurs.

This document offers a guide to understanding and using CPHS data, focusing on its stratified multi-stage sampling design, weighting methodology, and operationalisation in statistical analysis.

This article aims to provide a preliminary estimate of the credit requirements of FPOs, drawing on the experience of professionals who have been closely associated with FPOs for several years in their development and operations.